In this episode, we compare immediate-release methylphenidate, Ritalin LA and Concerta, including how each formulation releases the medicine, how long it may last, and why the same number of milligrams can feel very different.

We also cover switching between formulations, Australian generic brands, PBS substitution, common brand myths, and the key counselling points pharmacists need to know.

By the end of the episode, you should have a clearer understanding of:

● immediate-release, dual-release and OROS delivery systems

● the different release patterns of Ritalin, Ritalin LA and Concerta

● why Ritalin LA and Concerta are not direct substitutes

● how to counsel patients about swallowing, food, missed doses and tablet remnants

● when generic brands may be substituted and when they cannot

● how to respond when a patient says a different brand does not feel the same

This is Episode 4 of the eight-part ADHD medicines series from Prescribe or Pass: The PoP Pod, created for pharmacists, pharmacy students and clinicians who want to understand not only what is prescribed, but why.

In this episode of Prescribe or Pass: The PoP Pod, pharmacist Kate Thomas explains how methylphenidate works, why immediate-release and modified-release products behave differently, and what patients may realistically notice when treatment is effective.

She also covers common adverse effects, including reduced appetite and sleep disturbance, practical counselling points, and the monitoring that should accompany treatment.

By the end of the episode, you should have a clearer understanding of:

• how methylphenidate affects dopamine and noradrenaline signalling
 • the difference between immediate-release and modified-release treatment
 • what a useful clinical response may look like
 • how to counsel about appetite, sleep and dosing
 • what should be monitored during treatment

The episode finishes with reflective questions and suggested wording to support pharmacists documenting their continuing professional development.

This is Episode 3 of an eight-part series on ADHD medicines. Next, we compare the different methylphenidate formulations and why products containing the same active ingredient may not feel the same in practice.

In this episode of PoP Pod, we explore the clinical reasoning behind ADHD medication selection and explain why there is no one-size-fits-all approach.

You’ll learn how clinicians individualise treatment by considering factors such as symptom profile, age, daily routine, duration of symptom control required, co-existing medical conditions, previous treatment response, side effects and patient preferences. We’ll also discuss why medication choice is a shared decision-making process and why finding the right treatment sometimes involves careful adjustment over time.

Whether you’re a pharmacy student, pharmacist, doctor or another clinician who works with medicines, this episode will give you a practical framework for understanding how ADHD medications are chosen, and why two patients with the same diagnosis may receive completely different treatments.

Learning objectives

By the end of this episode, you should be able to:

• Explain why ADHD medication selection is not based on the “severity” of ADHD alone.
• Describe the key factors clinicians consider when choosing an ADHD medication.
• Understand the importance of individualising treatment to suit the patient’s needs, lifestyle and goals.
• Recognise the role of shared decision making in ADHD management.
• Appreciate the importance of considering a patient’s complete medication history, including over-the-counter and complementary medicines, when reviewing ADHD treatment.

As always, we’ll finish with reflective CPD questions to help translate today’s learning into your own clinical practice.

In the first episode of our ADHD series, we start with the foundations.

What actually is ADHD? Why is it considered a disorder of executive function rather than simply a problem with attention? What roles do dopamine and noradrenaline play? How is ADHD diagnosed in Australia, and why is there no blood test or brain scan that can confirm it?

We’ll also explore how ADHD is treated, from psychoeducation and behavioural strategies through to stimulant and non-stimulant medications, before discussing the pharmacist’s role as part of the multidisciplinary team.

Whether you’re a pharmacist, pharmacy student or another clinician who works with medicines, this episode provides the framework for everything that follows in the series.

In this episode you’ll learn:

• What ADHD is and what it isn’t
• Why “attention deficit” is a misleading name
• Executive function and why it matters
• The roles of dopamine and noradrenaline
• How ADHD is diagnosed in Australia
• The broad approaches to treatment
• The main classes of ADHD medications
• The pharmacist’s role in supporting people with ADHD

This episode concludes with a reflective question to support your continuing professional development.

Next episode: Why might one person with ADHD be prescribed methylphenidate while another receives an amphetamine? We’ll explore how clinicians choose between the two major stimulant families and why the answer is much more nuanced than many people realise.