In this episode I talk about the very influential Japanese Zen teacher, Eihei Dogen (1200-1253), and also say a little about an earlier Chinese teacher, Hongzhi Zhengjue (1091-1157) whom Dogen respected and quoted many times. I describe some of the key ideas of Dogen’s teacher, Rujing (1163–1228), as they are a major influence on Dogen’s approach to Zen meditation. I also discuss their important contributions to the development of Zen Buddhism and say why I think their teachings are still of relevance today. Once more, apologies for my Chinese and Japanese mis-pronunciation!

In this episode I share some thoughts about what I have learnt from zazen practice and how it has come to be so central to my life. In my experience, zazen (Zen meditation) is a very creative, expansive and revitalising activity. The mind seems to open naturally to fresh understandings and shifts of perspective - as if windows and doors open, allowing the cool breeze of thoughts, feelings and sensations to flow unhindered.

In this extended episode I talk about the American poet, Charles Reznikoff, and about the two movements or trends in modern poetry with which he was associated - ‘imagism’ and ‘objectivism’ – and which help us to understand something of Reznikoff’s beliefs and approach as a poet. Please note: one of the poems quoted in the talk is titled, Holocaust, and contains disturbing verbatim accounts from the Nuremberg Military Tribunal of atrocities committed during the Second World War.

In this episode I explore ideas about nirvana, awakening and what we mean by ‘the self,’ as described in the Buddhist traditions founded by Gotama Buddha - whom scholars reckon may have lived around 400 BCE. I suggest that awakening and ourselves are processes, rather than fixed states or things, and that we can cultivate them through mindful awareness or Zen meditation. Rather than being accessible only to a few people endowed with special powers, awakening is an art we can all learn and benefit from. I hope you will find it to be of interest, and maybe helpful, as you navigate along your own Dharma road.

In this extended episode I talk about another American poet, essayist and environmental activist, Gary Snyder. You might like to take a break in the middle!

As I mentioned in Episode 34 both Snyder and Kenneth Rexroth explore the natural world in their work – literally, as hikers through the American landscape, and in their poetry and other writings. Snyder, who is now in his nineties, spent a lot of time with Rexroth in the 1950s and for a while Rexroth was something of a mentor to the younger poet. 

The brevity of life and the nature of time are topics that humans have puzzled over for at least two thousand years – and probably for as long as our species has walked the earth. In this episode I want to offer a few thoughts on these matters and on the mysterious phenomenon we refer to as ‘the present moment.’ What I have to say is rooted in my experience of zazen, Zen meditation, and in my study of Buddhist thought and other philosophical traditions. The practice of zazen is the practice of bare attention – just being here, being present.

In this extended episode I suggest a few avenues of exploration concerning the arts as agencies of dialogue and how the arts can offer a model for how inter-religious dialogue might be developed and maintained. I offer some examples of the ways in which artworks and approaches to artmaking and appreciation can be considered as modes of conversation and as vehicles for sharing religious insights and experiences. I also introduce Edmund Burke’s ideas about the ‘sublime’ and suggest how feelings of awe and wonder can be shared experiences within arts and religious contexts. I hope you will find the episode to be interesting and, perhaps, useful.

In this extended episode, I talk about the ideas and insights of two thinkers, David Hume who lived in the eighteenth century, and Isaiah Berlin, who died in 1997. They both offer us interesting thoughts about human nature, what we mean by ‘the self’ and how to enshrine multiple personal freedoms and rights within a vibrant society. Both writers argue for tolerance and benign scepticism. I also suggest some connections between their ideas and those of Gotama Buddha.

In this episode I explore some of the issues surrounding educational methods and processes in contemporary Buddhism and suggest changes in perspective and practice that can lead to a more empowering experience for students (and teachers). It seems to me that in the development of secular approaches to Buddhist practice there is much to be learnt from the creative, transformative and egalitarian modes of learning employed within the education of artists. My comments about art education are based on my own experience as an artist and educator working in art schools and universities in the UK. This talk relates particularly to points I made in Episode 33 on creativity and mindful meditation.

In this episode I talk about the American poet, essayist and translator, Kenneth Rexroth. Like Gary Snyder, who I will speak about in a future episode, Rexroth explores the natural world – both literally, as a hiker through the American landscape, and in his poetry and other writings. Rexroth belongs to the generation immediately prior to Snyder though they did know each other well in the 1950s. I will touch on various strands of his work and point out a few parallels with Buddhist ideas and practices. While Snyder is probably more widely known today, and more influential, I want to begin with Rexroth whose work I am particularly fond of and who had quite an influence on his younger west coast American colleagues. In particular, I want to draw out the ways in which Rexroth celebrated the act of paying attention as a way of revealing the beauty of being alive, and the practice of making poems as a revelation of what one might call the sacred or divine dimensions of nature and life.

In this episode, somewhat longer than usual, I explore some of the relationships between mindful meditation and creativity – what we might call ‘creative awareness.’ I begin by examining what we mean by creativity and go on to suggest that there is a close affinity between paying attention and the development of a creative engagement with the world. I argue that letting-go and unlearning, and the making of connections, are important aspects of both mindful meditation and creativity. 

Taking up Jane Hirshfield’s thoughts about the role of concentration in the composing of poetry, I suggest that mindful meditation involves the development of concentration and that this can be helpful in developing a creative practice. I go on to make reference to John Cage’s ideas about living the creative life and briefly discuss drawing as a mindful discipline. I end with a salutary note about creativity and ethics. Towards the end of the episode, I employ an exploratory, open, poetic form of words - in harmony, I hope, with the overall theme. Please see the transcript for spelling of names and for references.

In this special episode I interview, Mike Slott, about his new book titled, Mindful Solidarity: A Secular Buddhist Democratic Socialist Dialogue. 

Mike is the founder of the Secular Buddhist Network – an organisation that has done a lot of work advocating for a secular approach to Buddhist ideas and practices, and in helping to link together secular Buddhist individuals and groups from around the world. In his book Mike argues for a dialogue between secular Buddhists and democratic socialists – two communities often seen as far apart – showing how, working together, both groups offer a critique of contemporary economics and politics, and show ways to develop and maximise human flourishing. The book is jargon-free, thought-provoking and helpful to anyone trying to navigate a way through the complex and challenging conditions of contemporary life. In the transcript notes, rather than a full transcript, I have included a brief note about secular Buddhism and notes about, and links to, books, organisations and terms referred to by Mike.

I hope you will enjoy this episode and find it to be useful.

In this extended episode I explore some of the main ideas and beliefs of Daoism (also known as Taoism) - highlighting aspects of Daoist philosophy that have a particular connection to the development of Zen. I also describe the way in which Daoism is complemented by Confucian ideas in the history of Chinese culture. It seems to me that there are many things we can learn from the ways in which Daoists think about change, uncertainty, the natural world and finding harmony within apparently opposing viewpoints and forces. Forgive my pronunciation of Chinese terms – I am not a Chinese speaker. To avoid confusion please refer to the transcript of this episode.

In this extended episode I share some thoughts on a strand of philosophy known as ‘pragmatism’ as realized in the work of one of its key exponents, John Dewey – who was born in 1859 and died in 1952 at the ripe old age of ninety-three. Here and there I will point out parallels between Dewey’s ideas and the ideas and practices of other Buddhist and non-Buddhist thinkers I have mentioned in earlier talks. Over Dewey’s long life he had a profound influence on American philosophy and on the development of psychology, politics and education within the United States and eventually in many democratic states around the world.

In this episode I share some more thoughts on global warming, climate action and eco-grief. This is a revised and extended version of Episode 3. I argue that we need to face up to the global challenge we face, however difficult this may be, and to do what we can, individually and collectively, to address issues raised by climate change and its causes. I also suggest some actions we can take to combat, or at least lessen, the increase in global warming and to transform potential despair into a more hopeful outlook. 

In Episode 21 I talked about existentialism and mentioned that while Jean Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir and other existentialist thinkers were agnostics or atheists, there were a number of influential Christian philosophers who developed forms of existential thinking. The earliest of these was the Danish theologian, Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855), who lived in Copenhagen for most of his life. In this episode I share a few thoughts about Kierkegaard's ideas and life. Please keep in mind that what follows is my personal view of just a few strands of Kierkegaard’s many-stranded thought. I hope you will find it to be interesting and useful - if it is, I encourage you to read some of Kierkegaard's many writings. 

In this extended episode, I am going to talk about the notion of tathata, or ‘suchness,’ and relate this to the Zen practice of ‘bare attention.’ I will also say something about what is known as kensho in Japanese Zen – often translated as, ‘seeing into the nature of things.’ I will end by tracing a connection between these practices and the concept of Gelassenheit as used by the German philosopher, Martin Heidegger. I hope to show how this bundle of ideas and practices can have a practical application in helping us, and all beings, to live well.

In this episode, I return to the question discussed in Episode 22, that is, what kind of ethical values may be necessary to the development of a just and peaceful society – describing in more detail what I have called ‘mindful ethics.’ In a sense what I say here is repeating what I had to say in Episode 7, though with some significant changes. In particular, I provide a slightly different way of articulating, and thinking about, the ‘Eightfold Path’ – one of the key features of most accounts of the Buddha’s teaching. As in Episode 7 I suggest that it may be helpful to consider this as being a guide to developing eight skills, though in this episode I have changed the way in which I describe them. 

In this extended episode, I explore some of the ideas and values that inform and animate the work of the sixteenth-century French thinker, Michel de Montaigne, and the twentieth-century writer and playwright, Samuel Beckett. I suggest that in the work of both of these figures we find echoes of the ideas and values of earlier sceptics – particularly Pyrrho of Elis and Sextus Empiricus. If you haven’t already done so, it may be as well to listen to Episode 17 of this podcast before you embark on this episode – as I explore some of the key ideas of this branch of scepticism in Episode 17. 

In this episode I talk about my many years of Zen meditation practice and relate my experience to the development of a sceptical, secular Zen that is rooted in contemporary western culture – with an emphasis on empirical investigation, naturalism rather than supernaturalism, and minimal ritual. I relate this development to the twin functions of teaching and learning - that is, transmission and transformation – as first suggested by the Brazilian philosopher of education, Paolo Freire. I suggest that it is possible to develop a secular twenty-first century approach to Zen that is not bound by the hierarchical power structures of earlier forms of Zen.

In this episode I talk about the relationship between body, mind and world from the perspective of someone who has been practicing zazen, a form of mindful meditation, since 1965. Zazen is a very simple practice but not always easy. It consists of sitting quietly, paying attention to whatever arises in my embodied mind and in the world immediately around me – without comment or judgment - expanding awareness outwards from my breath to encompass all that happens while I’m sitting - simply being awake and open to the everchanging stream of phenomena that constitutes who I am from moment to moment. I notice how everything changes and passes away. Thoughts and perceptions, feelings and moods endlessly shifting and transforming with each breath I take.

In this episode I suggest that the current neo-liberal forms of capitalism are unsustainable insofar as they are damaging to our planet and its life-supporting atmosphere, and as they generate, in the human realm, divisive and deeply inequitable social structures. I argue that we need to develop more beneficial modes of living, working and doing business, grounded in what I think of as mindful ethics – an ethics of compassion, clear-sightedness and sustainability.

We each have to find, or maybe construct, a dharma road upon which we can walk in peace with care and attention – cultivating wellbeing and living a good life. The many forms of Buddhism offer possible dharma roads but there are also other routes that may be just as beneficial. The diversity of world religions and philosophies are testament to the variety of paths that have been, and are being, taken by dharma travellers. In this episode I am going to explore some of the ideas and beliefs espoused by existentialist thinkers – ideas that have proved helpful to many people over the past century and a half. As I proceed, I will mention in passing a few parallels with the ideas and the beliefs of Buddhist thinkers and practitioners. I hope other similarities and differences will become apparent to you as we go along.

In this episode I share some thoughts about impermanence, clinging and the value of non-attachment. I also reflect on what it means to be here – the miraculous nature of being alive and conscious. I go on to say something about interdependence and the ways in which mindful meditation can help us to appreciate our daily lives and to learn how to let go rather than to hang on.

In this episode I trace some parallels between Buddhist and ecological views of the world. We live in a universe of interwoven and interactive processes and energies – a universe in which things are actually events, with no fixed essences or identities. Everything is in flux, merging and mingling in changing patterns of dynamic kinship. We are relational beings in a relational universe. It is these characteristics of connectedness, intercommunication and change that form the focus of this episode. 

In this episode I explore the relationship between poetry and paying attention – the ways in which poets are mindful - noticing things that often get missed in the merry-go-round of life. In the act of making poems, poets practice a kind of mindful attention – taking notice of what is happening in, and around, themselves in a clear-sighted yet caring and compassionate way. One of the primary purposes of poetry is to celebrate and share these acts of acute attentiveness as concisely and memorably as possible. This aspect of poetry has an affinity with the practice of zazen or mindful meditation. I begin by discussing the stated aims of a few poets and then go on to offer some examples of poems that evoke the process of paying attention with care and precision.

In this episode I offer a few personal thoughts on what might be called a ‘sceptical approach to Zen Buddhism,’ or, perhaps more accurately, a worldview rooted in the ideas and practices of both Zen Buddhism and the sceptical philosophy established by the ancient Greek thinker, Pyrrho of Elis – who lived from around 360 – 270 BCE. I relate these thoughts to the practice of mindful meditation and suggest ways of being a mindful sceptic.

In this extended episode I explore some of the ideas and works of the American multi-disciplinary artist, John Cage – who was born in 1912 and died in 1992 – particularly noting parallels with the practice of zazen and mindful meditation. In 1950, Cage met D.T. Suzuki and began to learn from him about Zen. Cage was never a Zen practitioner, in the usual sense, but his understanding of Zen ideas, along with his study of Daoism and Vedanta philosophy, had an enormous impact on his work as composer, writer and artist. It was in 1950 that Cage began to use chance procedures as an important part of his compositional methods – particularly using the iChing, or Book of Changes, and dice, to determine many, if not all, aspects of his music – including duration, tonal values and ‘silences.’ 

There are many sources of wisdom and advice about how to live a ‘good life.’ Buddhist teachers have much to say about how to minimise suffering and maximise wellbeing. But we can extend what is called ‘dharma’ - the body of Buddhist wisdom and advice - to include many other non-Buddhist sources. In Western philosophy, other religions and indigenous cultures there are many teachers from whom we can learn. In this episode I take a look at one such teacher - the Dutch philosopher, Baruch Spinoza, (also known as Benedict de Spinoza) who lived from 1632 to 1677. 

As always with these talks, I am offering my thoughts in order to prompt reflection and discussion. The theme of this episode, race, class and identity, is a huge and complex topic and I can only on touch on a few aspects. I highlight what I see as a Buddhist perspective on these matters. In some ways, this talk follows on from Episode 12 on ‘Truth, delusion and usefulness’ – particularly the point that was made about the Buddha questioning any claim to truth that was grounded in greed, anger or delusion.’ 

In this episode I offer a few reflections on some of the things I have learnt from Zen practice and how it has come to be so central to my life. I suggest that zazen, Zen meditation, is an art that enables the practitioner to gain insights into the chattering and acquisitive self and to discover another way of being that draws on the boundless creative energy of the mind – Beginner’s Mind or Zen Mind. Anyone can learn this art and encounter the peace and unity that it can bring.

In this episode I discuss some of the meanings of the term, ‘truth,’ and explore the ways in which different concepts of truth affect how we see the world and how we relate to each other. I go on to suggest that it may be more beneficial to human wellbeing to think in terms of what is ‘useful’ rather than what is ‘true.’ This talk may seem more abstract and theoretical than many of the others, but I hope that it will clarify some of the thinking around notions of truth and be helpful in establishing your own view of what is true and useful.

In this episode I talk about anger – how we think about it, manage and make use of it, and how we can learn to let go of it. I then discuss how feelings of anger are often associated with making judgments – how the judgments we make can too easily give rise to feelings of injustice, resentment and anger. I then consider some of the reasons why suspending judgment is considered to be important by many Buddhist teachers and by many philosophers in the Western sceptical tradition.

In this episode I talk about cultivating equanimity and composure, even as we experience joy and happiness. I suggest that changing our relationship with experiences, to take account of the transient nature of everything we think and feel, is a crucial aspect of developing wisdom and peace of mind. This leads to some thoughts on hope and despair, optimism and pessimism. I hope you will find it to be of interest.

This talk is about mindful meditation, what it is and how it is described in the literature of Buddhism - with a particular focus on The Four Foundations of Mindfulness as described in the Satipatthana Sutra. I also discuss the practice of ‘bare attention’ – an approach to mindful meditation associated particularly with Zen Buddhism.

In this talk I describe how the development, in an individual, of the skills outlined in the Buddha's 'Eightfold Path,' can become the ethical values for a whole society – a ‘culture of awakening?’ I also explore some of the connections between Buddhist ideas and practices and what we might call an ecological worldview.

In this episode I discuss the Eightfold Path – a well-known and important outline of how the Four Noble Truths or Tasks are to be developed and realised. These are set out in the Dhammacakkappavattana sutra, usually referred to in English as Setting in Motion the Wheel of the Dharma – an account of one of the Buddha’s first teachings. I go on to briefly explore the concepts of dukkha (suffering) and sukha (wellbeing). I also share some thoughts on how it may be useful to think of the Eightfold Path as a way of establishing an effective ethical framework by cultivating eight mindful skills. 

In this talk, I briefly discuss the Pali Canon, the early texts of Buddhism, and also say a little more about how suffering arises from our struggle to deal with the impermanent and interdependent nature of existence. I also introduce and describe three important Buddhist terms: metta – ‘loving kindness,’ karuna – ‘compassion’ and ahimsa – ‘non-violence.’

In this episode I talk about the Four Noble Truths – one of the central teachings of the Buddha. I also try to explain why there is so much emphasis on non-attachment in Buddhism and what is meant by ‘attachment’ or ‘craving’, and ‘non-attachment.’

In this short talk I am going to describe what in Buddhism are often referred to as the Three Marks of Existence. These three marks, or conditions, of existence are considered as central tenets of the Buddha’s teaching within most Buddhist schools. The first mark of existence is impermanence – anicca; the second is anatta – often referred to as non-self; and the third is dukkha – usually translated as suffering.

In this episode, I suggest that we consider eco-grief as one of many forms of suffering (dukkha in Buddhism) arising from the transient nature of existence and from our insatiable desires or attachments to things and sensations. I'll look at two aspects of eco-grief: on the one hand, a feeling of loss at what is passing, dying or being degraded; and on the other hand, a deepening anxiety about a chaotic and fearful future. I'll argue that, in order to act in a mindful, wise and compassionate manner, we need to combine clear-sighted realism with a positive and creative attitude. I'll suggest that we need to focus on what we can do now to change minds and behaviour, rather than allow ourselves to be overwhelmed by an imagined future, however bleak we may imagine it to be. 

This talk was first given at Exeter University, UK, in February 2020 – just before the Covid pandemic started to affect our lives. 

In this episode I explain why the Podcast is called Dharma Roads, rather than Dharma Road. I also talk about notions of truth and suggest that it may be helpful to think in terms of what is useful, rather than trying to decide what is true or false. I am not suggesting that there are no truths, but that there are many truths.

In this first episode I explain what the word 'dharma' usually means in Buddhism and why the podcast is titled, 'Dharma Roads.' I suggest that there are many roads to wisdom and peace and that in the twenty-first century we have access to a global storehouse of teachings and traditions. What is important is that we learn from these teachings and traditions in order to transform our daily lives into a dharma road of peace, compassion and understanding.